For a long time, the historiography of the war of Cévennes had focuses solely on the actions of the Camisard thus leaving aside the numerous other elements of the war and therefore presenting it as a bilateral war in Bas-Languedoc thus closely following the distinction in religion between Catholics and Protestants. Yet while displaying at the same time the marks left by the previous religion wars, the polymorphous aspect of the monbilization of the original Catholics implies that we need to go beyond the vision of the war of Cévennes as a conflict only consisting in the actions led by the Camisards. Therfore, it is also necessary to go beyond the scope of religious alliances in order to study the more ambiguous role of civilian Catholic populations who cannot be considered as belonging only to the royal troups or clergy, a view which is too often held by historiographs. But if historiography had acknowledged that these civilian Catholic populations had engaged in robberies it had nevertheless failed to see the insurrectionary aspect of some of the fringe groups. Uniting together zealous Catholics and seditious elements the mobilization of original Catholics thus brings out the presence of a third major actor of the conflict which had stayed outside the sacred scene for too long.